La Tugra, símbolo oficial del Imperio Otomano

Tugra o tughra (?????, en turco moderno Tu?ra) es el nombre con el que se denomina a la firma ceremonial usada como sello por los sultanes del Imperio otomano que representaba la realeza del país. Las firmas representan no sólo el nombre de cada sultán sino alguna leyenda sencilla (hijo de, siempre victorioso) o la filiación del sultán, y tienen varias partes bien definidas, comunes a todas las tugras y con significados específicos: los tres trazos verticales (tu?-estandarte),la curva a la izquierda (beyze-huevo) o el trazo inferior (sere-reservado para el nombre del sultán).
Las Tugras servían para un propósito similar a la cartela en el antiguo Egipto o al Royal Cypher de los monarcas británicos. Cada sultán otomano tuvo su Tughra individual.1 El calígrafo principal (ni?anc?) de la corte del sultán diseñaba la tugra de éste al principio de su reinado, y luego se copiaba, pintaba o grababa como sello real en documentos, edificios y otros. La primera tugra de la que se tiene noticia es la Orhan I, segundo jan del Imperio otomano que reinó entre 1284 y 1359, y sus formas más bien austeras fueron evolucionando hasta la complejidad de la forma cásica utilizada a partir de Solimán el Magnífico (1494-1566).

La firma de la imagen representa al sultán Mahmud II (1808–39) y muestra el texto Mahmud Jan bin Abdülaziz Muzaffer Daima, en español "Mahmud Sultán hijo de Abdülhamid victorioso siempre".

TUGRAS DE SULTANES OTOMANOS

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La primera tugra de Orhan I (1326)

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Tugra de Solimán el Magnífico (1520)

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Tugra de Abdul Hamid II (1876).

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Tugra de Abdul Hamid II en un sello postal otomano de 1901.

La Tugra en diferentes monedas

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Saludos a todos.

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

8 comentarios en “La Tugra, símbolo oficial del Imperio Otomano

  1. Buen post! Esta genial ese gif. La primera vez que aparece en una moneda parece ser a finales del s. XIV (no pude encontrar la imagen)

  2. Excelente post!!!

    En la tugra del sultán Mahmud II, que se representa en colores cada palabra, hay un par de trazos que al parecer no estan traducidos, son los que al final quedan en color gris.

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